Fungal nail infections are really common, and they're not just a runner's problem. Builders, teachers, gym-goers and people who spend all day in work boots get them too. The good news? The right fungal nail treatment, used properly and consistently, can clear many mild infections.
This guide covers what causes fungal nails, how treatments like Amorolfine actually work, how to apply them for the best results, and how to stop the infection coming back once it's gone.
Fungal nail treatment rewards patience. Sticking to your weekly routine matters far more than how quickly you see a change.
What causes fungal nail infections?
Fungal nail infections usually start when your nails spend a lot of time warm and damp. Think sweaty trainers, damp socks or boots you've worn all day.
Fungi that normally live on your skin without causing any trouble love these conditions. Given the chance, they multiply and work their way into the nail.1
You're more likely to get one if you:
- Have athlete's foot, which can spread from the skin to your nails
- Walk barefoot in communal showers, pools or changing rooms
- Have a damaged or injured nail
- Have diabetes or a weakened immune system
What does a fungal nail infection look like?
Infected nails can turn white, yellow, green, black or just darker than usual. They often get thicker and brittle, and the edges may start to crumble. Sometimes part of the nail lifts away from the skin underneath.1
Not sure what you're looking at? Our guide to the five signs of a nail infection can help you check.
A discoloured nail isn't always a fungal one. If you're unsure, it's worth getting it looked at before you commit to months of treatment.
Types of fungal nail infection
The most common type starts at the tip or sides of the nail. You'll usually see yellow discolouration at the edge that slowly creeps towards the centre. Doctors call this distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis.2
White superficial onychomycosis shows up as chalky white patches on the nail's surface. Left untreated, these can turn powdery and flake away.
Proximal subungual onychomycosis is less common. It starts near the cuticle and spreads outwards as the nail grows.
Other conditions, such as psoriasis or a knock to the nail, can look surprisingly similar. That's why a pharmacist or GP check can be useful if this is your first infection.
How does fungal nail treatment work?
The most common fungal nail treatment you can get without seeing a GP is a medicated nail lacquer containing amorolfine. You paint it on like nail varnish, and it soaks into the nail to reach the fungus.
Amorolfine stops fungi making sterols, the building blocks of their cell membranes. Without them, the membrane breaks down and the fungus can't survive.3 Clinical studies have found amorolfine lacquer effective for mild to moderate nail infections.4
Three popular products all contain the same 5% amorolfine.
Amorolfine
Amorolfine is the generic, non-branded version. It contains the same active ingredient as the branded options and works in exactly the same way.
Loceryl
Loceryl is the branded version made by Galderma. It's applied once or twice a week, depending on the advice you're given.5
Curanail
Curanail is also made by Galderma and contains the same 5% amorolfine, in a smaller 3ml bottle. It's for mild infections affecting no more than two nails, and you apply it just once a week.3
Lacquers aren't the right fit for every infection. If more than two nails are affected, the infection has reached the base of the nail, or you have pain or swelling around it, a lacquer alone may not be enough.6 A GP may suggest antifungal tablets instead.1
Several infected nails, or an infection near the cuticle, usually needs more than a lacquer. Speak to a pharmacist or GP before you start.
How to use fungal nail treatment for the best results
Getting the routine right makes a real difference. Here's how to apply amorolfine nail lacquer, step by step. Always check the leaflet in your pack too, as instructions can vary slightly between products.6
- File the nail - gently file the infected area, especially the surface, using one of the files in the pack.
- Clean it - wipe the nail with a cleaning swab to remove dust and grease.
- Apply the lacquer - dip the applicator into the bottle without wiping it on the neck, then paint an even layer over the whole nail.
- Let it dry - leave it for about 3 minutes.
- Tidy up - the applicator is reusable, so wipe it clean and keep it for next time. Close the bottle tightly and throw the used swab away.
- Repeat each week - before every application, remove the old lacquer and any nail varnish with a swab, then file again if needed.
Keep your files for infected nails only. Using the same file on healthy nails can spread the infection.6
Do not skip a week once your nail starts looking better. Stopping early gives the fungus a chance to return.
Can you wear nail polish during treatment?
Usually, yes. You can generally apply cosmetic varnish at least 10 minutes after the lacquer, then take it off carefully before your next application.5 Advice can vary between products, so check the leaflet in your pack first.
Artificial nails are a different story. You should not use them at all during treatment.6
How long does fungal nail treatment take?
Longer than most people expect. You keep going until the infection has cleared and healthy nail has grown back, which usually takes around 6 months for fingernails and 9 to 12 months for toenails.3
Your nail can still look damaged after the fungus has gone. Keep applying until fresh, healthy nail has grown all the way out.
How to stop fungal nail infections coming back
Once your nail is clear, a few simple habits can help keep it that way.
Keep your feet clean and dry
The fungi behind most nail infections, called dermatophytes, feed on dead skin and thrive in moisture. Your toes, tucked inside socks and shoes all day, give them exactly what they want.
Wash your feet daily and dry them properly, especially between the toes. Put on clean socks every day, and carry a spare pair if your feet get sweaty.1
Got caught in the rain? Let damp shoes dry out completely before you wear them again. Swapping between two pairs helps.
Choose breathable socks and shoes
Cotton socks and shoes made from leather or canvas let your feet breathe. Tight, sweaty footwear does the opposite.
The same fungi that cause athlete's foot can spread to your nails. Treating itchy, flaky skin between your toes early helps protect your nails.1
Think of athlete's foot as an early warning. Clearing it up fast is one of the easiest ways to keep your nails healthy.
Trim your nails properly
Cut your nails straight across and keep them short. Rounding off the corners can lead to ingrown nails, which damage the skin and give fungi an easier way in.
Avoid sharing towels, socks and shoes. Wear flip-flops in communal showers and changing rooms.1
Frequently asked questions
What is the best fungal nail treatment in the UK?
For mild infections affecting one or two nails, an amorolfine nail lacquer such as Amorolfine, Loceryl or Curanail is a popular first choice from a pharmacy. More widespread or severe infections may need antifungal tablets from a GP. The right option depends on how many nails are affected and how far the infection has spread, so a pharmacist can help you choose.
Curanail contains 5% amorolfine, an antifungal that can be effective for mild nail infections. It’s most effective when the infection is near the tip or sides of the nail and you apply it every single week. Results take time, as healthy nail needs to grow out, usually around 6 months for fingernails and 9 to 12 months for toenails.
Why can Curanail only be used on two nails?
Curanail is licensed for mild infections affecting no more than two nails. If more nails are infected, it usually means a more widespread infection that may need antifungal tablets or a prescription treatment instead. Speak to a pharmacist or GP if three or more nails are affected, or if the infection has reached the base of the nail.
Can I use Curanail twice a week?
Curanail is designed to be applied once a week, so stick to the routine in the leaflet. Its branded equivalent, Loceryl, can be used once or twice a week depending on the advice you’re given. If you’re not sure which routine suits your infection, a pharmacist can talk you through it before you start.
Is tea tree oil good for fungal nail infections?
There isn’t enough good-quality evidence to show tea tree oil can clear a fungal nail infection. Nails are tough, and home remedies often struggle to reach the fungus underneath. A medicated lacquer containing amorolfine, or antifungal tablets from a GP for more severe infections, are more reliable options with clinical evidence behind them.
Will a fungal nail infection go away on its own?
Fungal nail infections rarely clear up without treatment, and they can slowly spread to other nails or get worse. Starting treatment early, while the infection is still mild, gives you the best chance of clearing it with a nail lacquer. If it’s spreading, painful or affecting several nails, speak to a pharmacist or GP.
References
- NHS. Fungal nail infection. NHS website; 2023. nhs.uk
- Patient. Fungal nail infection (Tinea unguium). Patient.info; 2023. patient.info
- Galderma (UK) Ltd. Curanail 5% w/v Medicated Nail Lacquer: Summary of Product Characteristics. Electronic Medicines Compendium; 2023. medicines.org.uk/emc
- Tabara K, Szewczyk AE, Bienias W, et al. Amorolfine vs. ciclopirox: lacquers for the treatment of onychomycosis. Postepy Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2015;32(1):40-45. doi:10.5114/pdia.2014.40968
- Galderma (UK) Ltd. Loceryl 5% w/v Medicated Nail Lacquer: Summary of Product Characteristics. Electronic Medicines Compendium; 2023. medicines.org.uk/emc
- Galderma (UK) Ltd. Curanail 5% w/v Medicated Nail Lacquer: Patient Information Leaflet. Electronic Medicines Compendium; 2023. medicines.org.uk/emc
This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always read the patient information leaflet supplied with your medication and speak to a healthcare professional if you have specific concerns.